Mariner&#39;s compass.



A. F. SMITH. mmmms 00 SS.

APPLIOATION FILED M 19, 190B. 1

Patented Apr 20, 1909.

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* UNITED STATES. PATENT orri on. j

ARTHUR FOSTER snrrn, or ALBERT rAnK, NEAR MELBOURNE, VICTORIA, AUSTRALIA.

: MARINERS compass.

ters Patent in' Great Britain, bearing date.

the th day of March, 1907, but the patent has not yet been granted,) of which the following is a specification. I

It is a well known fact that 1n most cases the needle'of a compass does not point to the true north and south, but to; some point either on the east or west thereof. This peculiarity is due to what is commonly. called the magnetism of the earth and the amount which the needle is deflected is not a known constant even for one place, but varies from time to time, and also from place to place. Thus a mariners compass is deflected from the true north in varying degrees as the vessel occupies diflerent geographical locations. This deflection is commonly called the variation. 1 Furthermore the needle when carried at sea is also influenced by the mass of steel or such like magnetic metal,

either being part of the ship or cargo approximate to it, which also deflects said needle from the true north and south in varying amounts according to the respective locations of the compass and the metal. This deflection is called deviation. In order therefore for a mariner or other person to ascertain the true north when at sea, it is imperative that he should be able to ascer if not quite impossible at certain times.

This invention has therefore been devised inorder to provide a simple apparatus whereby the'correct and total deflections of the needle may be readily and simply ascertained at all times.

- 5 Specification of Letters Patent.

Application filed Match 19, mos. seriarno. 422,149.

Patented April 20, iboe.

Referring to the accompanying drawings of which :Figure 1 is a. central vertical section through an ordinary mariners compass fitted with my improved attachment, and showing the pointersS and 9 in the due west, and

pointer 10 in the due east fpasition while Fig. 2 is a plan view thereo the pointer 8 is shown at the N. W. position; pointer 9 due north, while pointer 10 is at the N E. position. ,2

The compass bowl '1 is mounted in any convenient manner and is provided with the usual compass pivot 2 on which is poised the magnetic needle 3 carrying the compass card 1. Approximate to said card 4. is arranged a protractor 5 graduated according to the scale marked on said compass card,i. (2.,

when the card is divided'in degrees so also must the protractor-be. v 1 Above the card and protractor, and arranged to be centrally true with the pivot 2 of the needle 3 and its card a, is mounted a rotatable depending shaft 6 provided at its upper end with a milled head 7 to facilitate turning. About the lower end of this shaft 6, one two or three pointers 8, 9 and 10 is or are arranged and each is separately revoluble thereon independent of the other, while a locknut 11 or other convenient arrangement is provided whereby when set the pointers may be locked in any desired relative positions. The outer en s of these pointers 8, f) and 10 extend over the protractor 5, and each is preferably formedinto a 100 or eye 12 so that a hair 13 may be radia 1y stretched across same in order to facilitate a more correct reading.

The shaft and its attached parts are preferably mounted in the glass plate 14, which conveniently covers all the main portion of the compass as shown, but it is quite imma terial whether the protractor 5 and the pointers 8, 9 and 10 are above said glass plate.

The method of using the instrument is as follows: -'VVl1e11 the vessel is at a wharf or other convenient place where the master knows his exact bearings he can determine to anicety. 1. The magnetic bearing of the ships head, and 2. The actual true bearing of the ships head, which of course give the Error This having been accomplished the pointers 8,, 9 and 10 are moved to the followlng positions on-the protractor 5, namely. S to the ships head. 9 to the magnetic north and 10 to the true north. The nut 11 is thenor beneath continues her course and, on

- the milled head 7 west. The mille the protractor 5. Now it tightened and the pointers locked in their res ective os'itions so that they cannot move in 'vidua y independent of each other, but can bereadily rotated in a body by operating Let us now take the following hy othetical case in. order to better understand the method. The ships head is pointing magnetic north 45 west and true north is magnetic north 45 east, or showing an error of 45 west. We now find when the pointers 8, 9 and 10 are placed in theircorre'ct positions that they are respectively 45 :1 art, 8 and 10 forming a right angle with t is magnetic needI-eand its res ective pointer 9 midway between them. he ship now the compass being read it is found that she has moved to 90 west (magnetic), z. e., the direction has apparently under one an alteration of 45 head 7, and with it the pointers are now turned backward to the north through 45, which are calculated on during this move ment of the ship the original error of: 425

? west has been increased or decreased it will be found that the three pointers do not re gain their respective positions with regard to thedivisions on the protractor 5 and those on the card 4 This alteration can be rectly read andfrom this difference of the relative positions the total error can be readily calculated and the approximate true north determined.

In the event of less than three pointers beingysed it will be necessary to mark down preferable to so pointers arranged on a rotatable shaft sothat each may move independently of the other, or others and means for locking same in any desired relative positions substantially as described.

In testimony whereof I have hereunto set my hand this eighth day of November one thousand nine hundred and seven in the presence of two subscribin witnesses.

ARTHUR FOS TER SMITH. Witnesses: U

-Ar.snn r E. B. Swanson,

CHARLES HARKELL, 

